NASA scientists are getting ready to take a very bold step to drill into Mars and collect a sample to prove once and for all whether or not the Red Planet ever actually hosted alien life. The Mars Curiosity rover has been roaming around the planet since 2012, and it is currently on lower Mount Sharp where it is ready to conduct a drilling operation to collect soil for analysis.

This would be the highest and youngest area of Mars yet samples by the rover, which uses its drill to collect powdered rick, which are subsequently examined by on-board laboratory instruments. The rover has found many chemicals required for life to exist, but it still has frustratingly little evidence that life actually ever existed, even in its simplest forms. But this latest endeavor could yield some incredible findings.

And it’s not just the Curiosity rover that’s been at work looking for breakthroughs. The Opportunity rover has been looking at an outcropping of rock called “Gasconade on the “Spirit Mound” at the edge of the Mars’ Endeavor Crater.

The recent NASA statement is below.

This relatively bright outcropping of rock, dubbed “Gasconade,” was investigated by NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity while the rover was perched on “Spirit Mound” at the western edge of Mars’ Endeavour Crater.

This mosaic combines four frames taken by the microscopic imager on Opportunity’s robotic arm on Oct. 2, 2016, during the 4,512st Martian day, or sol, of the rover’s work on Mars. Enhanced color information from Opportunity’s panoramic camera has been added to emphasize differences in the materials visible in the target. Figure A is a version with no color information added to the microscopic imager mosaic.

The view covers an area about 2 inches (5 centimeters) wide. Opportunity’s inspection found Gasconade to be a wind-etched outcrop with angular bits of darker rock within a lighter matrix, which may have been formed from fallout of the impact event that excavated the crater.

This location of Spirit Mound, shown at PIA20854, is the deeper on the western rim of Endeavour Crater than any site visited previously by Opportunity.

NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover is studying its surroundings and monitoring the environment, rather than driving or using its arm for science, while the rover team diagnoses an issue with a motor that moves the rover’s drill.

Curiosity is at a site on lower Mount Sharp selected for what would be the mission’s seventh sample-collection drilling of 2016. The rover team learned Dec. 1 that Curiosity did not complete the commands for drilling. The rover detected a fault in an early step in which the “drill feed” mechanism did not extend the drill to touch the rock target with the bit.

“We are in the process of defining a set of diagnostic tests to carefully assess the drill feed mechanism. We are using our test rover here on Earth to try out these tests before we run them on Mars,” Curiosity Deputy Project Manager Steven Lee, at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, said Monday. “To be cautious, until we run the tests on Curiosity, we want to restrict any dynamic changes that could affect the diagnosis. That means not moving the arm and not driving, which could shake it.”

Two among the set of possible causes being assessed are that a brake on the drill feed mechanism did not disengage fully or that an electronic encoder for the mechanism’s motor did not function as expected. Lee said that workarounds may exist for both of those scenarios, but the first step is to identify why the motor did not operate properly last week.

The drill feed mechanism pushes the front of the drill outward from the turret of tools at the end of Curiosity’s robotic arm. The drill collects powdered rock that is analyzed by laboratory instruments inside the rover. While arm movements and driving are on hold, the rover is using cameras and a spectrometer on its mast, and a suite of environmental monitoring capabilities.

At the rover’s current location, it has driven 9.33 miles (15.01 kilometers) since landing inside Mars’ Gale Crater in August 2012. That includes more than half a mile (more than 840 meters) since departing a cluster of scenic mesas and buttes — called “Murray Buttes” — in September 2016. Curiosity has climbed 541 feet (165 meters) in elevation since landing, including 144 feet (44 meters) since departing Murray Buttes.

The rover is climbing to sequentially higher and younger layers of lower Mount Sharp to investigate how the region’s ancient climate changed, billions of years ago. Clues about environmental conditions are recorded in the rock layers. During its first year on Mars, the mission succeeded at its main goal by finding that the region once offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life, if Mars has ever hosted life. The conditions in long-lived ancient freshwater Martian lake environments included all of the key chemical elements needed for life as we know it, plus a chemical source of energy that is used by many microbes on Earth.

Curiosity’s drill, as used at all 15 of the rock targets drilled so far, combines hammering action and rotating-bit action to penetrate the targets and collect sample material. The drilling attempt last week was planned as the mission’s first using a non-percussion drilling method that relies only on the drill’s rotary action. Short-circuiting in the percussion mechanism has occurred intermittently and unpredictably several times since first seen in February 2015.

“We still have percussion available, but we would like to be cautious and use it for targets where we really need it, and otherwise use rotary-only where that can give us a sample,” said Curiosity Project Scientist Ashwin Vasavada at JPL.